Ground Thread
Ground Thread
How do I Replace A Rope On An Existing In-Ground Flagpole?
The flagpole is about 20 foot tall, the existing rope is off, so I can’t thread a new one to it. I can’t use an extension ladder, as the pole will bend, or I’ll be injured. The “truck” or pulley is covered, only the bottom half of the pulley is visable
NEXT TIME YOU SEE A PPL OR CABLE TV TRUCK WORKING YOUR AREA AS THE OPERATOR IF HE WOULD DO IT FOR YOU THEY ARE NICE PEOPLE AND DO HELP WHEN THEY CAN YOU WILL BE SUPRIZED AT THE # OF TIMES THEY DO WHAT THEY CAN TO HELP OUT NOT ALL ARE ABLE TO HELP AS RULES AND REGS BUT YOU WILL FIND THAT THEY WILL HELP IF THEY CAN JFB
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GREENFIELD 5500 H5 5-40 NC HS PLUG FLUTELESS GROUND THREAD TAP (PK OF 12) $57.00 |
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GREENFIELD 5500 H5 5-40 NC HS PLUG FLUTELESS GROUND THREAD TAP (PK OF 7) $33.25 |
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GREENFIELD 5502 H5 3/8-16 NC HS BOTTOMING FLUTELESS GROUND THREAD TAP (PK OF 12) $57.00 |
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GREENFIELD 5502 H5 3/8-16 NC HS BOTTOMING FLUTELESS GROUND THREAD TAP (PK OF 7) $33.25 |
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GREENFIELD 5502 H5 5-40 NC HS BOTTOMING FLUTELESS GROUND THREAD TAP (PK OF 11) $52.25 |
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OSG H.S.S. Ground Thread Tap M22 x 1.5 Bright 3 flute $45.00 |
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OSG H.S.S. Ground Thread Tap M22 x 1.5 Brt (box of 3) $100.00 |
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12-28 GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $127.30 |
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1/4″-20 GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $127.30 |
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5/16″-18 GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $127.30 |
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5/16″-24 GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $127.30 |
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3/8″-24 STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $127.30 |
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OSG/SOSSNER GROUND THREAD HIGH SPEED STEEL TAPS $9.99 |
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1set Geometric 1/4-28 Ground Thread 5/16″ Die Head $24.99 |
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7/8 X 9 Bottoming Ground Thread Hand Tap $79.99 |
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YMW – TAPS – HSS GROUND THREAD PLUG TAPS 3/8-24NF GH12 3F P (BOX OF 3) *NIB* $20.00 |
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LSI PRECISION GROUND ZERO BACKLASH BALL SCREW .250″-LEAD 1.500″-THREAD DIA ~NEW~ $369.95 |
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LSI PRECISION GROUND ZERO BACKLASH BALL SCREW .250″-LEAD 1.500″-THREAD DIA ~NEW~ $349.95 |
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LSI PRECISION GROUND ZERO BACKLASH BALL SCREW .250″-LEAD 1.500″-THREAD DIA ~NEW~ $349.95 |
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SET 8 NEW NACHI PLUG TAP SPIRAL CUTTING 10-32NF 923B.913.GROUND THREAD FUJIKOSHI $39.99 |
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HANSON WHITNEY E36166 IT.1 ¼-18 NPSF HIGH SPEED GROUND THREADS TAPS, NIB 9 PIECE $55.23 |
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HANSON WHITNEY 61051T 4 FL ¼-18 NPSF HIGH SPEED GROUND THREADS TAPS NIB 12 PIECE $65.56 |
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HANSON WHITNEY E36166 IT.1 ¼-18 NPSF HIGH SPEED GROUND THREADS TAPS NIB 6 PIECE $35.36 |
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HANSON WHITNEY E36166 IT.1 ¼-18 NPSF HIGH SPEED GROUND THREADS TAPS NIB 12 PIECE $65.56 |
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3 New 9/16-18 2B PLUG OSG NU-ROLL FORM GROUND THREAD FORMING TAPS USA 28630-00 $19.95 |
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0-1″ Micrometer W/ Micro-Lapped Tungsten Carbide Tipped Precision Ground Thread $21.49 |
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LSI PRECISION GROUND ZERO BACKLASH BALLSCREW .800″ LEAD 2.000″ THREAD DIA ~NEW~ $589.95 |
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LSI PRECISION GROUND ZERO BACKLASH BALL SCREW .500″ LEAD 2.000″ THREAD DIA ~NEW~ $549.95 |
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12 Pcs. Standard Tool 6-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $43.50 |
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12 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-24 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $43.50 |
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12 Pcs Standard Tool 5/16-18 GH3 2 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $49.00 |
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3 Pcs. Standard Tool 3/4-10 GH3 3 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $79.25 |
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24 Pcs. Standard Tool 8-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $86.75 |
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24 Pcs. Standard Tool 1/4-20 GH3 2FL HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $86.75 |
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24 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-32 GH3 2 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $86.75 |
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12 Pcs Standard Tool 1/2-13 GH3 3 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $100.75 |
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36 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-24 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $127.95 |
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36 Pcs. Standard Tool 6-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $127.95 |
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GREENFIELD TAP & DIE H.S. GROUND THREAD TAP 1/2-13 NC H-3 & 3/8-16 NC H-3 $9.95 |
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3/4 16 NF 4 FLUTE MORSE GROUND THREAD TAP $9.99 |
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HANSON WHITNEY HIGH SPEED GROUND THREAD 1” x 11 1/2 NPT TAP $35.00 |
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10 NEW 5/16-24 HIGH SPEED SPIRAL POINTED GROUND THREAD PLUG CHAMFER TAP $14.99 |
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1″ – 36 thread per inch special ground plug tap GH4 $42.26 |
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12 Pcs. Standard Tool 8-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $43.50 |
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12 Pcs. Standard Tool 1/4-20 GH3 2FL HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $43.50 |
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12 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-32 GH3 2 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $43.50 |
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3 Pcs. Standard Tool 5/8-11 GH3 3 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $56.50 |
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12 Pcs Standard Tool 3/8-16 GH3 3 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $58.50 |
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24 Pcs. Standard Tool 6-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $86.75 |
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24 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-24 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $86.75 |
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36 Pcs. Standard Tool 10-32 GH3 2 FLT Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $127.95 |
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36 Pcs. Standard Tool 1/4-20 GH3 2FL HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $127.95 |
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36 Pcs. Standard Tool 8-32 GH3 2 FLT HSS Ground Thread Spiral Pointed Plug Taps $127.95 |
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10-24 PROJECTION TYPE GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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GEOMETRIC .112″-36 GROUND THREAD CHASERS FOR 5/16″ D, $20.00 |
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GEOMETRIC .112″-36 GROUND THREAD CHASERS FOR 5/16″ D,DS $20.00 |
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7/16″-29 HIGH SPEED GROUND THREAD TAPS BOX OF 6 VINTAGE NEW IN BOX $0.99 |
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7/16″-20 HIGH SPEED GROUND THREAD TAPS BOX OF 7 VINTAGE NEW IN BOX $0.99 |
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HSS Taper Pipe Tap Ground Thread Interrupted 1-1/2 –11-1/2 NPT 7FL $169.99 |
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CHRIS JOHNSON/JAMIE HARPER 2011 TRIPLE THREADS BOOK TENESSEE GROUND & POUND 3/9 $0.99 |
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HSS Spiral Pointed Tap Ground Thread 1-8 NC Plug 3FL GH4 $48.99 |
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Champion 308 1-1/2-12 Hand Tap High Speed Ground Thread $65.00 |
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5/16″-24 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 5/16″-D HEAD $75.00 |
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5/16″-24 STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 5/16″-D HEAD $65.15 |
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3/4″-10″ GH3 HSS Standard Ground Thread Plug Hand Taps $195.99 |
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0-80, Hand Tap-Bottom, HS, 2FL, Ground Thread, (QTY 12)- Macedonia,a $9.99 |
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1-1/2″-12″ GH4 HSS Bottoming Standard Ground Thread Tap $110.99 |
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3″-8″ NPT HSS Reg Ground Thread Taper Pipe Tap R$365 $401.18 |
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Import 2-11-1/2″ NPT 7F HSS Regular Ground Thread Taper Pipe Tap $153.99 |
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Ground Thread Handbook by John Bath Co Catalog #15 $41.83 |
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#0 X 80 H2 2FL SPPT GROUND THREAD PLUG TAP (C-2-1-3-FR28) $9.66 |
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#1 X 72 NF HSGH-1 2FL GROUND THREAD BOTTOM TAP (C-2-1-3-FR29) $10.50 |
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5/8″-11 PROJECTION TYPE GROUND THREAD CHASER 1″-D HEAD $146.05 |
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Ruko 22568 Terrax Thread Cutting Die DIN Ground M14 $26.49 |
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REIFF & NESTOR #46451 1/8 – 27 NPTF 5FL GROUND THREAD $259.99 |
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HAND TAP Plug Ground Thread 7/8-9 H-6 HSS [YB89] $15.00 |
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Hanson Whitney 20017 (Pack of 6) Ground Thread Taps 1/4-20 2FL $47.98 |
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VERMONT GROUND THREAD 5/8-11 HAND TAPS $29.99 |
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NGK Spark Plug Multi-Ground 10mm Thread .750″ Reach 5/8″ Hex Gasket Seat 4548 $6.39 |
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5/16″-24 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 5/16″-D HEAD $75.00 |
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5/16″-24 STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 5/16″-D HEAD $65.15 |
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3/4″-10 STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $98.00 |
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3/4″-16 STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $98.00 |
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3/8″ NPT STANDARD GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $98.00 |
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8-32 PROJECTION TYPE GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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3/8″-24 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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10-32 PROJECTION TYPE GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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1/4″-20 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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1/4″-28 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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5/16″-18 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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7/16″-14 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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3/8″-16 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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7/16″-20 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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1/2″-13 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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1/2″-20 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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5/8″-18 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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3/4″-10 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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3/4″-16 PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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3/8″ NPT PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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1/2″ NPT PROJECTION GROUND THREAD CHASER 3/4″-D HEAD $112.50 |
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The Ground $13.49 The Ground |
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To The Ground $8.99 To The Ground |
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By A Thread $12.49 By A Thread |
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Thread $10.49 Thread |
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The Ground Beneath Her Feet $70.1 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The Ground Beneath Her Feet is a novel written by Salman Rushdie. Published in 2000, it is a variation on the Orpheus/Eurydice myth with rock music replacing Orpheus lyre. The myth works as a red thread from which the author sometimes strays, but to which he attaches an endless series of references. The novel has also been turned into a major new performance work combining music and film that premiered at the inaugural Manchester International Festival in England on 29 June 2007. Composed by Victoria BorisovaOllas and featuring a new film directed by Mike Figgis (Leaving Las Vegas, Internal Affairs), the tale of two starcrossed lovers was performed by the Halle orchestra, conducted by its music director Mark Elder and Alan Rickman as the narrator. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 80 Publication Date: 2011/01/11 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.19 inches |
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THREAD $15.99 Pricing subject to change. THREAD |
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Tacoma Electric Supply ERC615880 Electripak Sectional Ground Rods $18.13 Tacoma Electric Supply ERC615880 Electripak Sectional Ground Rods Tacoma Electric Supply ERC615880 Electripak Sectional Ground Rods Features: Sectional type ground rods have the same high quality as regular copperized type ground rods, only threaded top and bottom Threads are rolled after copper bonding, and both steel and copper are rolled into the thread, making it exceptionally strong Meet National Electrical Code (NEC) dimensional requirements for galvanized, ferrous, ground rods sizes 5/8″ x 8′ and larger Copperized ground rods have surface coating of tin over a 0.003″ electroplated copper jacket for corrosion resistance Copper 5/8″ x 8′ grounding rod |
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Fiskars Scissor ShortCut Thread Clip $6.59 The stainless steel blades are precision-ground and hardened for a sharp, long-lasting edge making them great for sewing, crafts and everyday cutting. Most scissors contain an adjustable screw that allows the blade tension to be modified. ShortCut Thread Clip- Great for snipping and trimming thread and other materials. Spring action with pointed tips for accurate cutting. Also has an ergonomic finger rest for control and comfort. Tiny point tips can trim into the smallest spaces. Handles are molded for a firm, comfortable grip and are ideal for left or right handed use. Fiskar Limited Lifetime warranty. |
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GhillieSuits PPGK Paintball Camouflage Kit Synthetic Thread $59.31 Lightweight Camouflage Complete Ghillie Suit KitKit includes the followingSeven colors of Next Generation Synthetic thread. (3.5 lbs. total)Complete directions on how to assemble kit into a lightweight Camouflage Ghillie Poncho.Synthetic thread colors include : Brown Black Gray Light Green Olive Green Tan Dark Green.Synthetic thread is the Next Generation in Building a lightweight Camouflage Ghillie suit because Synthetic thread is: Waterproof Rotproof Mildew resistant Fireretardant Washable Odorless NonAllergenicUsing the supplied directions you can build a Mossy colored suit Woodland or use all seven colors for an AllSeason suit. You can even use the materials to build a ground blind blanket or any other concealment device. Use your imagination your options are endless.Your Completed suit uses only 2.75 lbs. of the Synthetic colored thread With the supplied extra materials you can always change colors to match your terrain. |
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Raco 0973 Ground Screw, slotted head, #10-32 threads (100 Pack) $12.1 Raco 0973 Ground Screw, slotted head, #10-32 threads Raco 0973 Ground Screw, slotted head, #10-32 threads Features: 2-way combination screw head provides for faster installation and flexibility Screw head accommodates slotted or hex drive Raco 0973 Ground Screw, slotted head, #10-32 threads Specifications: Box Type: RACO Steel Boxes & Covers Box Family: Grounding Products Box Category: Grounding – Screws Category: Ground Screw UPC Number: 05016990973 Grounding accessories provide a safe electrical path to ground to help prevent shock Grounding screws thread into the box and provide a means of fastening the ground conductor Slotted head Green dye finish For 10 to 32 gauge tapped hole |
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Ground $16.49 Ecm Records:000412302 |
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On the Ground $16 Forthright anecdotes and interviews fill this eye-opening account of the birth of the underground newspaper movement. Stemming from frustration with the lack of any mainstream media criticism of the Vietnam War, the creation of the papers was emboldened by the victories of the Civil Rights–era, anticolonial movements in the Third World and the use of LSD. In the four short years from 1965–1969, the subversive press grew from five small newspapers in five cities in the United States to more than 500 newspapers—with millions of readers—all over the world. Stories by the people involved with the production and distribution of the papers, such as Bill Ayers, Paul Buhle, Paul Krassner, and Trina Robbins, bring the history of the movement to life. Full-color scans taken from a broad range of publications, from the Berkeley Barb and the Los Angeles Free Press to Chicago Seed and Screw: The Sex Review , are also included, showing the incredible energy that fueled the counterculture of the 1960s. |
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Ground Screw $49 Ground Screw |
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Lava Ground $8.99 Lava Ground |
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Stamping Ground $11.49 Stamping Ground |
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Killing Ground $8.99 Killing Ground |
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Higher Ground $12.49 Higher Ground |
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Breaking Ground $12.49 Breaking Ground |
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Stones On The Ground $11.49 Stones On The Ground |
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Common Ground $11.49 Common Ground |
Differences Between Malay And Indonesian
Orthography
Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a modified form of the Arabic alphabet known as Jawi. After the 20th century, Malay written with Roman letters, known as Rumi, has almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in Malaya (now part of Malaysia) and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) reflected their positions as British and Dutch possessions respectively.
In Indonesia, the vowel in the English word ‘moon’ was formerly represented in Indonesian as oe, as in Dutch, and the official spelling of this sound was changed to u in 1947.
Similarly, until 1972, the initial consonant of the English ‘chin’ was represented in Malay as ch, whereas in Indonesian, it continued to follow Dutch and used tj. Hence the word for ‘grandchild’ used to be written as chuchu in Malay and tjoetjoe in Indonesian, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan or the ‘Perfected Spelling’) which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ch and Indonesian tj became c: hence cucu.
Indonesian abandoned the spelling dj (for the consonant at the beginning of the word ‘Jakarta’) to conform to the j already in use in Malay, while the old Indonesian j for the semivowel at the beginning of the English ‘young’, was replaced with y as in Malay. Likewise, the velar fricative which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written ‘ch’ in Indonesian, became kh in both languages.
However, oe was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the first President, Sukarno (written as Soekarno), and his successor Suharto, (written as Soeharto). The ch and dj letter combinations are still encountered in names such as Achmad and Djojo (pronounced as Akhmad and Joyo respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.
Although the representations of speech sounds are now largely identical in the Indonesian and Malay varieties, a number of minor spelling differences remain, usually for historical reasons. For instance, the word for ‘money’ is written as wang in Malay, but uang in Indonesian, the word for ‘try’ is written as cuba in Malay, but coba in Indonesian, the word for ‘because’ is written as kerana in Malay, but karena in Indonesian, while the word for ‘cake’ is written as kuih in Malay, but kue in Indonesian.
Pronunciation
Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia speaking a dialect called Bahasa Baku,[citation needed] where the words are pronounced as spelt and enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than the Malay spoken in the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia: tujuh is pronounced (and was spelt) tujoh, pilih as pileh, etc., and many final a’s tend to be pronounced as schwas.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary differences
Indonesian differs from Malay in having words of Javanese and Dutch origin, although Indonesian is based on Malay in Riau province (Bahasa Melayu Riau). For example, the word for ‘post office’ in Malay is “pejabat pos” (in Indonesian this means ‘post officer’), whereas in Indonesian it is “kantor pos”, from the Dutch word for office, kantoor. There are also some Portuguese influences: in Indonesian, Christmas is known as “Natal”, whereas Malay uses “Krismas”, derived from English. There are also instances where the Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from Latin. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when Gymnasium schools were established during the Dutch colonial period : compare Malay kualiti, kuantiti, majoriti, minoriti and universiti with Indonesian kualitas, kuantitas, mayoritas, minoritas and universitas.
The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. , khidmat, wakil (see below).
English
Malay
Indonesian
account (bank,bills)
akaun
rekening (from Dutch)
accountant
akauntan
akuntan
advertisement
iklan (also used in Indonesian)
reklame (from Dutch)
after
selepas
lepas, setelah (also used in Malay to indicate consecutive actions)
afternoon
tengah hari
sore (can also refer to the evening); petang (less frequent)
agent
ejen, agen (in science term)
agen
airport
lapangan terbang
(lit. field/expanse + to fly)
bandara (from bandar udara, lit. port+air), lapangan terbang (used for air force base)
apartment
pangsapuri, rumah pangsa, rumah kondo (only for ‘condominium’)
apartemen, rumah susun
archive
arkib
arsip (from Dutch archief)
archdiocese
kawasan kekuasaan ketua biskop
keuskupan agung
assets
aset
aktiva, harta (Javanese= wealth) (from Dutch activa), aset also used
auction
lelong
lelang
August
Ogos
Agustus (from Dutch augustus)
auntie
makcik (also used in bahasa Melayu Riau, Indonesia)
tante (from Dutch), Ibu Gede, Ibu Cilik (Javanese)
autobiography
autobiografi (also used in Indonesian)
otobiografi (derived from the Dutch pronuncation of autobiografie, with au pronounced as French [o])
automatic
automatik (formerly otomatik)
otomatis (derived from the Dutch pronuncation of automatisch)
autonomy
autonomi
otonomi
balcony
serambi, beranda,from Bengali, Portuguese or English verandah; (also used in Indonesia but less common)
serambi, balkon, from Portuguese balco or Dutch balkon
bag
beg
Tas(from Dutch tas lit. bag)
basin
besen
wastafel (from Dutch), baskom – from Dutch waskom
because
kerana, sebab
karena, sebab, in some cases makanya (literally: thus it follows the cause is…”
Belgium
Belgium
Belgia – from Dutch Belgi
bicycle
basikal
sepeda kaki – from French velocipede
billion
bilion
miliar, milyar (from Dutch miljard)
bishop
biskop, bisyop
uskup
bonnet, hood (of car)
bonet, bumbung, hud
kap (from Dutch)
boot, trunk (of car)
but
koper, kopor (from Dutch koffer)
breast
buah dada, payudara, tetek (slang)
payudara (Sanskrit & Javanese), buah dada, susu (slang), tetek (vulgar slang),toket (popular slang now)
Britain
Britain
Inggris, Britania
bus
bas
bis (Dutch pronunciation of bus, bis)
bus station
stesen bas
terminal bis
bus stop
perhentian bas
halte bis (from Dutch bushalte)
campaign
kempen
kampanye – (similar to the pronunciation of the Dutch word campagne)
can (to be able)
boleh (used in Indonesia in the sense of “may be allow”ed to)
bisa, dapat
cancer
kanser, barah
kanker (from Dutch)
car
kereta (means ‘train’ in Indonesian)
mobil, oto – from Dutch auto
card
kad
kartu (from Dutch kaart)
carrot
lobak merah
wortel (from Dutch)
case
kes
kasus, hal
cash
wang tunai
uang (Javanese) tunai (only in regards to accounts as in “‘akun tunai, kas
cashier
juruwang
kasir, – (from Dutch kassier) pemegang kas
census
banci (means “transsexual” or “effeminate male” in Indonesian)
sensus
centipede
lipan (also infrequently used in Indonesian)
kelabang
chilli
cili, lada, cabai (used in the northern states of Malaysia)
lombok (Javanese nggoko), cabe (Javanese madaya)used in oral communication, cabai
China
China (More widely used now), Negara Cina
China (More widely used now), Republik Rakyat Cina/China, Tionghoa (race) or Tiongkok – rarely used/old spelling (country)
cinema
panggung wayang bergambar (or more popularly when contracted, pawagam), panggung wayang
bioskop (from Dutch bioscoop), sinema (more popular now)
civic
sivik, bersifat kewarganegaraan
bersifat kewarganegaraan
civil
sivil
sipil
city
bandar (means “port” in Indonesian)
kota
club (association)
kelab
perkumpulan, majelis, klub, klab, yayasan (Arabic: used for charitable clubs)
coat
kot
jas (from Dutch jas)
cockroach
lipas
kecoak (from the Chinese Hokkien dialect ka chua)
college
kolej, maktab
Universitas, kampus, kolese, perkuliahan (kuliah = lecture)
Commonwealth of Nations
Negara-Negara Komanwel
Negara-Negara Persemakmuran
company
syarikat
perusahaan, firma, maskapai (from Dutch maatschappij)
constitution of country
perlembagaan
undang-undang dasar, konstitusi (from Dutch constitutie
counter
kaunter
loket (from Dutch loket), konter
court
mahkamah
pengadilan
Croatia
Croatia
Kroasia
current (topical)
semasa (also used in Indonesian)
aktual (from Dutch actueel)
current affairs
peristiwa semasa (also used in Indonesian)
aktualitas (from Dutch actualiteit)
curtain
langsir, tirai
hordeng, korden (from Dutch gordijn), tirai
customs (department)
kastam
duane (from Dutch douane), bea cukai, pabean
Cyprus
Cyprus
Siprus (similar to the Dutch pronunciation)
Czech Republic
Republik Czech
Ceko, Republik Ceko, Ceska, Republik Ceska
dandruff
kelemumur
ketombe
degree (temperature)
darjah
derajat
democratic
demokratik
demokratis (similar to the Dutch pronunciation of democratisch)
department
jabatan
departemen
difference
perbezaan
perbedaan
diocese
kawasan uskup
keuskupan
director
pengarah
direktur (from Dutch directeur), sutradara (Sanskrit-Javanese)(film)
directory
buku panduan, direktori
buku petunjuk
discount
diskaun, potongan (harga), rebat
korting (from Dutch), diskon (less frequently used), rabat, potongan
driver
pemandu
supir (from French, through Dutch: chauffeur), sopir (slang), pengemudi (formal)
driving licence
lesen memandu
ribewis (from Dutch rijbewijs) (slang), surat ijin mengemudi (SIM) now more widely used
December
Disember
Desember (pronounced: dsember, as in Dutch)
duty (tariff)
duti, cukai – also used in Indonesian
bea
Easter
Easter
Paskah (from Portuguese Pascoa)
editor
penyunting rarely used in Indonesian
editor, redaktur (from French-Dutch redacteur)
effectiveness
keberkesanan
efektivitas, (from Dutch effectiviteit) kemanjuran
eight
lapan (also the Indonesian slang word)
delapan (used in Malaysia before the spelling reform)
electricity
tenaga elektrik (literally “electric energy”)
listrik
emergency
kecemasan
darurat (from Arabic; also used in Malaysia to mean a state of emergency)
emperor
maharaja
Raja (Sanskrit-Javanese- king), kaisar (from Dutch keizer), maharaja (Sanskrit-Javanese: Majestic King)
empire
empayar
kerajaan
engine
enjin
mesin (from Dutch machine, also used to refer to what translates into machine in English)
extinct
pupus
padam (of flames or lights), kepunahkan (of animate objects- ie species)
export
eksport
ekspor (from Dutch)
factory
kilang
- Indonesian word for mill or factory for processing or refining natural products, i.e. kilang minyak (‘oil refinery’)
pabrik
(from Dutch fabriek)
faction (political)
puak (tribe)
fraksi (from Dutch fractie)
February
Februari
Februari, Pebruari (slang)
federal
persekutuan
federal: pemerintah pusat (central government)
federation
persekutuan
federasi (from Dutch federatie)
fermented rice
tapai
tape, tapai (Sumatera variation)
financial
kewangan
keuangan, finansial
Finland
Finland
Finlandia
floor (as in “the 2nd floor”)
tingkat (also used in Indonesian- though it means floor as in a store or office eg “Fourth floor” )
lantai (means “floor”- ground surface in Malay)
France
Perancis
Prancis or Perancis
football
bola, bola sepak
sepak bola
free of charge
percuma (in Indonesia means “worthless”)
gratis (from Dutch ‘free of charge’)), cuma-cuma
furniture
perabot rumah, perkakas rumah(also used in Indonesian)
mebel (from Dutch meubel)
general (military)
jeneral
jenderal
golf club (stick)
kayu golf
pemukul golf
government
kerajaan (derived from raja or “king”) – Indonesian word for “kingdom”
pemerintahan used in Singapore to refer to government. In Malaysia and Brunei understood but less frequently used governmental= pemerintah
governor
gabenor, yang di-pertua negeri/negara (in Malaysian state)
gubernur from Dutch gouverneur
graduate
siswazah, sarjana
gelar sarjana (1st degree most commonly of a humanities: a “Bachelor of Arts”= Sarjana Muda Sastra
head office
ibu pejabat (in Indonesia means “female officer” or “mother of an officer”)
kantor pusat (from Dutch)
headscarf
tudung
kerudung, jilbab
healthy
sihat
sehat
herb
herba
jamu (in Malay (and another definition in Indonesian), means “to treat, to entertain guests”)
hospital
hospital
rumah sakit (literally means “sick house”, from Dutch ziekenhuis. The word is still used in Brunei to refer to hospital but in Malaysia, the term ‘hospital’ is more prevalent since the mid-sixties)
maternity hospital
hospital bersalin
rumah sakit bersalin
I
saya, aku
saya, aku, gue (slang, informal)
Hungary
Hungary
Hongaria (influenced by Dutch Hongarije)
ice
ais
es
ice cream
ais krim
es krim
Iceland
Iceland
Islandia
illegal drugs
dadah
narkoba -an acronym for NARKotika dan OBat-obatan terlArang (narcotics and illegal drugs), napza -an acronym for NArkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat-zat Adiktif (narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive chemical substances)
image
citra (also used in Indonesian), imej, gambar
foto (photographic image) gambar (drawn or similar), citra (as in Borrman image or corporate image). Lukisan is for paintings
immigration
imigresen
imigrasi (from Dutch immigratie)
import
import
impor
impotence
mati pucuk, impotensi, lemah syahwat
(sexually) impotensi, lemah syahwat (from Dutch impotentie)
installment (payment)
ansuran
angsuran, cicilan
insurance
insurans
asuransi (from Dutch assurantie)
international
antarabangsa
internasional, antarbangsa
internet cafe
kafe internet, kafe cyber
warnet (short for “warung internet”, “warung” is from Dutch “waroeng”)
Ireland
Ireland
Irlandia
Italy
Itali
Italia
licence
lesen
ijin, lisensi (from Dutch licentie)
Japan
Jepun
Jepang
Jordan
Jordan
Yordania (from Dutch Jordani)
journalist
wartawan
wartawan, jurnalis
June
Jun
Juni (from Dutch juni)
July
Julai
Juli (from Dutch juli)
lane (roads/highway)
lorong
jalur lalu lintas (traffic) -modified version of jalur (track), (lajur is understood but not frequently used in Malaysia while jalur is used in Malaysia to mean stripe or band. e.g. broadband = jalur-lebar) Jalur in Indonesian means “line”, “Column” or line of soldiers/defense/geographic.
lawyer
peguam
pengacara (used in Malay to mean ‘master of ceremony’, advokat (from Dutch advocaat)
Lebanon
Lubnan
Lebanon
lemon
lemon, limau
jeruk limun (‘jeruk’ used in Malay to mean ‘pickle’)
liabilities
liabiliti
pasiva, kewajiban (from Latino-Dutch passiva)
lift, elevator
lif
Elevator
lime (fruit)
limau
jeruk limau (not to be confused with jeruk nipis- the tiny lime for sambal)
Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisabon (as in Dutch Lissabon), Lisboa (as in Portuguese), Lisbon
Lithuania
Lithuania
Lituania
magistrate
majistret
hakim (from Arabic , also used in Malay)
male
lelaki, laki-laki, jantan (for animals, sometimes used as a derogatory term on men)
dewasa (Sanskrit-Javanese: adult male) pria, laki-laki, cowok (colloquial), jantan (plants-animals only)
malfunction
rosak, mati, tak berfungsi
kegagalan pemakaian (failed inner workings), rusak, mati, tak berfungsi
March
Mac
Maret (from Dutch maart)
mattress
tilam
kasur, matras
mathematics
ilmu matematik
ilmu pasti, matematika
mean verb
bererti
berarti
medication
ubat
obat
minibus
bas mini
mikrolet, angkot (angkutan kota), minibis (Dutch pronunciation)
minute
minit
menit
Mrs (married woman)
puan
garwo (Javanese) Istri (wife: Javanese), Ibu, nyonya (from Dutch), puan(less frequent now)
mobile phone, cellphone
telefon bimbit, telefon tangan
hand-phone (HP pronounced Ha-pey), telepon genggam, telepon selular, ponsel, HP
Monday
Isnin
Senin
money
wang, duit
uang, dana (used in Malay to mean ‘funding’), duit (from Dutch duit)(slang)
mortgage
gadai janji
hipotik (from Dutch hypotheek)
Moscow
Moskow (also used in Indonesian)
Moskwa
motorcycle
motosikal
motor, sepeda motor (literally “motor bicycle”, as in Dutch motorfiets)
music
muzik
musik
naked
bogel (means “short” in Indonesian- it is a common Javanese word), telanjang
telanjang, bugil (Javanese) (slang)
national
kebangsaan (used in Indonesian to mean “nationality”), nasional
Bangsa, Negeri, warganegara (relating to citizenship), nasional
natural
semulajadi
alami
newspaper
surat khabar (coined from two Arabic words, at – / ‘form, appearance’ and khabar ‘news’)
koran, harian, surat kabar (more formal)
New Zealand
New Zealand
Selandia Baru
noisy
bising, kecoh, memekak
berisik, ramai, bising (also means “buzzing”), ribut (of children)
Norway
Norway
Norwegia (influenced by Dutch Noorwegen)
not
tidak, tak (informal), endak (sabah language)
tidak, tak (rarely used – usually for the same usage as non-), nggak (slang), gak (slang – chat word)
number
nombor
nomor or nomer (from Dutch nummer)
nurse
jururawat
perawat, suster (from Dutch)
office
pejabat
kantor (from Dutch kantoor)
official (adj.)
rasmi
resmi (from Arabo-Persian rasmi )
orange (fruit)
oren, limau
jeruk, limau
orange (colour)
jingga, oren
jingga, oranye (from Dutch oranje)
order
order, perintah
orde – from Dutch, perintah
Palestine
Palestin
Palestina
parliament
parlimen
parlemen (from Franco-Dutch parlement)
party (political)
parti
partai (from Dutch partij)
passport
pasport
paspor (internationalism)
pavement, sidewalk
jalan pinggir, jalur jalan untuk pejalan kaki, laluan jalan kaki, kaki lima
trotoar(from Franco-Dutch trottoir), kakilima
penis
zakar (from Arabic “male”- this word is extremely vulgar in Indonesian), batang lelaki, konek (slang)
alat kelamin laki-laki (male genitalia) kemaluan lelaki, burung vulagr, titit (children’s slang like “pee-pee”), kontol (slang, vulgar)
percent
peratus
persen, per seratus
pharmacy
farmasi
apotek (from Dutch apotheek), farmasi -usually for medicine manufacturers
photograph
gambar, foto
foto, potret (from Dutch, means “portrait” in English)
pickpocketnoun
penyeluk saku
copet (contraction of colong dompet- wallet thief), pencopet
pirate (maritime)
lanun
bajak laut, perompak (means “robber” in Malay)
platform (train)
platform
peron (from Franco-Dutch perron)
Poland
Poland
Polandia
police
polis
polisi (from Dutch politie)
post code
poskod
kode pos
prayer (Islam)
solat, sembahyang
salat, shalat, sholat (from Arabic, ‘sh’ is usually pronounced as ‘s’)
prayer room (Islam)
surau
surau, musala, mushollah (from Arabic, ‘sh’ is usually pronounced as ‘s’)
pregnant
mengandung, hamil (formal, from Arabic ), berbadan dua
mengandung, hamil (less formal), bunting (informal)
press
surat khabar (see above)
pres (from Dutch), surat kabar, media massa
Private Limited Company
Sendirian Berhad
abbreviated as Sdn Bhd (suffix)
Perseroan Terbatas
abbreviated as PT(prefix)
prostitute
pelacur
pelacur, WTS (pronounced ‘way-tay-es’; wanita tuna susila “moral-less women”, Sanskrit), PSK (formal, pronounced ‘pay-es-ka’, pekerja seks komersial (commercial sex workers))
province
wilayah(used in Indonesian to mean ‘region’) , daerah
propinsi, provinsi (from Dutch provincie)
push, to (door)
tolak (used less primarily in Indonesian to mean ‘subtract’, it also means ‘to refuse/reject’, also common meaning in Malay when used in arithmetics)
dorong (means “to push” in Malay, but often used to mean “to support”)
raspberry
rasberi
frambus or frambosen (from Dutch framboos)
receipt
resit, penerimaan
kwitansi (from Dutch kwitantie)
refrigerator
peti sejuk (rarely used in Indonesian)
lemari es, lemari pendingin, kulkas (from Dutch koelkast)
restaurant
kedai makan, restoran
restoran, rumah makan, kedai makan(rarely used now)
rob
rompak (Indonesian for “to commit piracy”)
rampok, rampas
room
bilik (usually used to mean “compartment” in Indonesian), kamar(formal)
kamar
from Dutch “kamer” (chamber), ruang (Javanese)- for storage areas etc
roundabout (traffic)
bulatan
e.g. Bulatan DBP in Kuala Lumpur
pusing keliling (in Brunei)
bundaran
i.e. Bundaran HI in Jakarta
sauce
sos
saos, saus (ultimately from French sauce)
school (Islamic)
pondok
pesantren, pondok pesantren
science
sains
sains, ilmu (Javanese for knowledge), iptek (an acronym for “Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi”, which literally means “science and technology”)
Scotland
Scotland
Skotlandia
secret
rahsia
rahasia
session
sesyen
kursus, pembahasan
sewer
saluran najis, saluran kumbahan
got, selokan, parit (means ‘ditch’ in Malay), saluran air/pembuangan
shampoo
syampu (from Anglo-Indian / Hindustani chmpo, the imperative form of (Hindi) chmpn ‘to smear, knead the muscles, massage’)
sampo (via Dutch)
shirt
baju
hem, kaos, kemeja( from Portuguese camisa )
shoe
kasut
sepatu ( understood but less frequently used in Malaysia, from Portuguese sapato )
shop
kedai (less common in Indonesia)
toko
Slovakia
Slovakia
Slowakia
soya beans
kacang soya
kacang kedelsi
speak/talk
berbicara, bercakap (means ‘to chat’ in Indonesian), bersembang, berborak
berbicara, ngomong (Javanese ngoko from mengomong)
Spain
Sepanyol
Spanyol
spoon
sudu
sendok
sport
sukan
olahraga (means “athletics” in Sanskrit)
station
stesen
stasiun (formerly spelled “setasiun”)
state within country
negeri
negarabagian
stop (verb)
berhenti
stop, berhenti
strawberry
strawberi
stroberi or arbei – from Dutch aardbei
stupid
bodoh, bengap, tolol, bongok (slang)
bodoh, dungu, tolol, goblok (slang), geblek (slang), bego (slang)
Sunday
Ahad
- rarely used in Indonesia
Minggu
- from Portuguese Domingo (Lord’s Day)
(means “week” in Malay and Indonesia too)
Sweden
Sweden
Swedia
Switzerland
Switzerland
Swiss
tap water
air paip
air keran, air ledeng (“ledeng” also means “plumbing”) (from Dutch leiding)
teacher
cikgu, guru
guru (from Sanskrit)
teacher (religious, Islam)
ustaz ustad (ultimately from Persian )
ustad (ultimately from Persian)
telephone
telefon
telepon, telpon, telfon (internationalism)
terrorist
pengganas
teroris (from Franco-Dutch terrorist)
testicles
buah zakar, testis, buah keranjut
alat kelamin laki-laki, biji kemaluan , buah zakar (slang, vulgar), kanjut (slang, vulgar)
traffic jam
kesesakan lalulintas, jam (slang)
macet
turn
pusing (means ‘dizzy’ in Indonesian), belok
belok, puter
tapioca
ubi kayu
singkong, ubi kayu, ketela pohon, tapioka
taxi
teksi
taksi (internationalism)
television
televisyen, TV
televisi (from Dutch televisie), (also TV, pronounced ‘tee-vee’ or ‘te-fe’)
toilet
bilik air, tandas
kamar kecil, toilet, WC (pronounced ‘we-se’) for watercloset.
Thailand
Negara Thai, Siam, Thailand
Thailand, Siam, Muangthai used in old scripts
ticket
tiket
tiket, karcis (from Dutch kaartje)
tyre
tayar
ban (from Dutch “[auto]band”)
train
keretapi, tren
kereta (api/listrik) sepor (Javanese from Dutch “Spoor”)
transsexual
pondan, bapok, transseksual
bencong, banci, waria (polite), transseksual
tree
pokok, pohon
pohon
ugly
hodoh, buruk
jelek
Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraina
uncle
pakcik
oom or om (derived from Dutch, pronounced and sometimes spelt as “oom”), paman, uwak, Pak Lik or Pak De (Javanese)
university
universiti
universitas
until
sehingga, sampai
hingga, sampai
USA
Amerika Syarikat
Amerika Serikat (AS)
vagina
faraj (from Arabic, in Indonesian means vulva), pepek/pepet (slang)
alat kelamin wanita (female genitals), liang pernakan, vagina: farji, memek, pepek (slang, vulgar)
very
sangat, amat, sekali
sangat, amat, sekali, banget(Javanese ngoko)
vice president
naib presiden
wakil presiden (‘wapres’)
virgin
(anak)dara, (anak) gadis
perawan (formal), gadis, (anak) dara
voucher
baucer
vocer
website
laman web
situs web
weekend
hujung minggu
akhir pekan, akhir minggu
when
bila, apabila
kapan, bilamana, bila, ketika
window
tingkap (also used in Indonesian but less common), jendela
jendela – from Portuguese janela
wire
dawai, wayar
kawat, dawai
you
anda (very formal), awak, kamu, kau
Anda (everyday formal), kamu (for very familiar people only), engkau &’kau (prose): elu/loe (very vulgar Betawi slang), delo
zoo
zoo, taman haiwan
kebun binatang (derived from Dutch dierentuin (animal garden). Beside “taman haiwan”, kebun binatang was also frequently used in Malaysia before the mid-sixties)
False friends
Besides vocabulary differences, there are also a number of false friends in both languages. As these words are in quite common use in either or both of the languages, misunderstandings can arise.
Word
Malay meaning
Indonesian meaning
ahli
a member (of a group)
(when the word is used by itself) (from Arabo-Persian “ahli” ‘belonging to a group, people, indigenous or sim.’),
expert in a field (from Arabo-Persian “‘aqli” ‘belonging to the intellect or mind, intellectual’)
expert in a field
akta (from Latino-Dutch acta)
act (= law)
act (= written legal document)
awak
you (polite way)
shipper
baja
fertilizer
steel
Malaysian: besi waja
banci
census
effeminate, transvestite homosexual
bandar
city
port
belanja
to treat, giving something for free
to shop
berbual
to chat
to tell a lie
bercinta
love
make love, have sexual intercourse
beredar
oscillating (planets only), asked to go home
distributed
biji
pill, tablet
seed, testicles (“balls”, offensive)
bisa
venom
can/able (same as “boleh” in Malay), venom
bontot/buntut
buttock
tail (‘ekor’ as commonly used in Malay)
budak
kid
slave
butoh/butuh
male genitals, an offensive reference
need
calon
nominee
nominee, victim
comel
cute, pretty
(to call) someone who can not keep a secret (example: mulutnya comel= her mouth can’t keep a secret)
duduk
a place to live on, and also: to sit
to sit
electronic mail (recently changed to “emel”)
enamel
gampang
bastard
from ‘anak gampang’ lit. easy child
easy (non negative meaning)
gubuk gila
psychiatric hospital
crazy/insane house
jabatan
department
position
jawatan
position
department
jemput
invite
pick up
jeruk
pickles/preserved fruits or vegetables
oranges
jimat
pennywise, save money or something e.g. electricity
amulet (the Malaysian equivalent is azimat)
kacak
handsome
ber-kacak pinggang (stands with hands on your hips)
The Malaysian equivalent is bercekak-pinggang, a phrase to mean that a person is being bossy
kakitangan
employee
member of mafia/criminal organisation
kapan
or kafan: Muslim burial shroud (kain kafan/kapan)
when (kapan mau pulang?= when do you want to go home?)
karya
work of art (karyawan=artists)
work (karyawan= workers)
kerajaan
government
(historical association, most Malay states were governed by monarchs, from Raja = King, now refers to any kind of government)
kingdom
keranjang
‘bola keranjang’ = basketball (no other use than for basketball)
basket
kereta
car
train
khidmat
service
fully concentrate
koneksi
dick (vulgar)
connection
konfeksi
confection, sweets
clothing industry, any fancy or luxurious woman’s clothings
(Dutch: confectie. A non-standard spelling sometimes used is: “konveksi”)
lucu
funny
cute (sometimes can be used as ‘funny’ too)
operasi
mathematic operational symbol, police operation
operation/surgery (as in Dutch)
pajak
to mortgage
tax
paket
packet
package (normally used for promotion purposes, as in Dutch)
pantas
speedily
‘no wonder’
pantat
vagina/pussy (vulgar)
buttock
pelan
plan
(associated with architectural work, site map etc only)
slow (perlahan in Malay)
pejabat
office
officer/officials
(those who hold office, Malay (pegawai)
pemerintah
ruler
government
pengajian
education
mass recitation of Quran
percuma
free of charge
useless, not needed
peti sejuk
refrigerator
cold Coffin
pijat
bugs
(software bugs i.e. Year 2000 bug and also commonly referring to the bed bugs)
massage
Javanese pijet
polis
police
(insurance) policy (as in Dutch)
polisi
policy
police (as in Dutch)
punggung
buttock
back
pupuk
to nurture
fertilizer (also means ‘to nurture’ in the metaphorical sense of the word)
pusing
to go around a place, circular in motion, to spin/rotate
dizzy, confused, headache
putera
prince
son
rambut
hair (for head only)
hair
tambang
fare
mine, rope
tandas
toilet
to explain, to finish
senang
easy
happy, relax
sulit
confidential, difficult
difficult
wakil
representative
vice (for example, ‘vice chancellor’ and ‘vice president’), representative
Sample
Indonesian text sample
Ensiklopedia, atau kadangkala dieja sebagai ensiklopedi, adalah sejumlah buku yang berisi penjelasan mengenai setiap cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang tersusun menurut abjad atau menurut kategori secara singkat dan padat.
Kata ‘ensiklopedia’ diambil dari bahasa Yunani; enkyklios paideia ( ) yang berarti kumpulan instruksi atau pengajaran yang lengkap. Maksudnya, ensiklopedia adalah sebuah sarana pendidikan lengkap yang mencakup semua bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Seringkali ensiklopedia disalahartikan sebagai kamus. Hal ini disebabkan karena ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia awal memang berkembang dari kamus-kamus.
Malay text sample
Ensiklopedia, atau kadangkala dieja sebagai ensaiklopedia, merupakan koleksi maklumat atau himpunan fakta mengenai setiap cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang tersusun menurut abjad atau menurut kategori secara singkat dan padat.
Kata ‘ensiklopedia’ diambil daripada bahasa Yunani , egkyklios paideia (a circle of instruction) yang bererti sebuah lingkaran atau pengajaran yang lengkap. Ini bermaksud ensiklopedia itu merupakan sebuah pendidikan sempurna yang merangkumi semua aspek ilmu pengetahuan. Seringkali ensiklopedia disalahertikan sebagai kamus. Mungkin ini kerana ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia awal memang berkembang daripada kamus.
Translation
Encyclopaedia, or occasionally spelt as ensiklopedi/ensaiklopedia, is a collection of books containing explanations about all branches of science that are compiled according to the alphabet or according to the category briefly and densely.
The word ‘encyclopaedia’ is taken from Greek enkyklios paideia ( ), which means a circle of instructions or a complete teaching. It means that the encyclopaedia is a complete educational material that includes all science aspects. Often encyclopaedias are confused with dictionaries. One reason is that early encyclopaedias were actually developed from dictionaries.
Convergence of vocabulary
The Malay language in Malaysia is not pervasively used in all spheres of life compared to Indonesia. Competition from the English language, the emotional attachment of Malaysian Malays to the language and the desire by non-Malays to preserve the use of their mother tongues are probably the reasons for this state of affairs. As a result, the Malay language in Malaysia is not as dynamic as the Indonesian language in the introduction of new words through adaptation from other languages especially English. Many Malays are adverse to the ‘Malay-ing’ of English words. They rather prefer to find obscure Malay words or words from the Malay archipelago that are equivalent to the English term. For example, the English word ‘plaster’ or stucco would have been easily Malayised both in terms of pronunciation and common usage. However the word ‘lepa’ (spread) is used instead. Many new words introduced in Malay are taken from Indonesian due to this preference. For example, the word canggih (complicated) is a Javanese word that is used for translating ‘sophisticated’ to denote a higher status meaning (as in a sophisticated lady) instead of the Malay equivalent of ‘rumit’ (complicated). These words are usually adopted some ten years after their popular use in the Indonesian media.
Trivia
During the May 1998 Revolution, when calls for political reform or reformasi in Indonesia led to the resignation of President Suharto, Malaysian satirists Instant Cafe lampooned a government broadcast in which “Malaysians are reminded that reformasi is an Indonesian word, which has no equivalent in Bahasa Melayu.”
References
^ From the article about Encyclopaedia on the Indonesian Wikipedia, version 15:14, 21 Agustus 2006
^ From the article about Encyclopaedia on the Malay Wikipedia, version 21:41, 5 Oktober 2005
External links
The Malay Spelling Reform, Asmah Haji Omar, (Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society, 1989-2 pp. 913 later designated J11)
The MALAY LANGUAGE in MALAYSIA and INDONESIA: from lingua franca to national language Asmah Haji Omar article in The Asianists’ ASIA
Categories: Indonesian language | Malay language | Language comparison | False friendsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007 | Articles containing Ancient Greek language text | Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009 | All articles lacking in-text citations
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